ABSTRACT
Background: Aberrant activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases [PI3K]/AKT/mTOR [mammalian target of rapamycin] pathway is a critical event during gastric cancer progression. Selective function of AKT inhibitor AZD5363 in PI3KCA mutant gastric cancer necessitates the assessment of PI3KCA mutations in these patients
Methods: The study included 100 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgical resection at Imam Reza Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between January 2009 and December 2016. Mutations in codon 1047 of PIK3CA were evaluated by tetra-primer ARMS-PCR and direct sequencing methods
Results: We detected p.H1047R and p.H1047L in eight and three samples, respectively. Also, a significant association was found between PIK3CA mutations and lymphatic invasion. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated no significant differences in overall survival between patients with and without mutations
Conclusion: Our study detected gain-of-function mutations in exon 20 of PI3KCA gene in 11% of gastric cancer patients. Future studies are needed to assess the mutation rate in other regions of this gene to find eligible patients for targeted therapies
ABSTRACT
Background: There are numerous investigations on wide range of issues that disrupt regulatory spermatogenesis, individuals who are exposed to drug abuse faced infertility and immature spermatogenesis
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the addiction effects of morphine and its derivatives on rats spermatogenesis
Materials and Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups, which were exposed either with intravenous morphine, naloxone, naloxone and morphine, sham [with normal saline injection] and a control group without infusion. Spermatogenesis was assessed after three months via histological sections with hematoxylin and eosin staining, using a light microscope based on measurement of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid, and spermatozoa
Results: Those rats that received opioids had changes in spermatogenesis function. The population of spermatogenesis cycle cells at spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid, and spermatozoa stages was significantly decreased in those rats that received opioid in comparison to the control group [p<0.05]. Histological studies revealed that changes in different groups of opioid application might affect sperm formation. Sperm count in morphine group was [0+/-0] and in naloxone group, naloxone+morphine, sham and control were 235+/-3.77, 220+/-3.81, 247.12+/-6.10 and 250+/-6.54, respectively [p<0.001]
Conclusion: Morphine could affect all spermatogenesis stages